FOSSIL SPECIMENS OF PLANTS

FOSSIL SPECIMENS OF PLANTS

BLACK GUM LEAF Age: 50 million years    Period: Eocene Location: Cache Creek Formation, British Columbia, Canada Another piece of evidence for a plant species that has not evolved is the black gum leaf fossil pictured. Examinations of the fossil reveal that the plant of 50 million years ago was no different from what it is currently. It has remained unchanged for millions of years. This example once again reveals the invalidity of evolution.

GINKGO LEAF Age: 50 million years    Period: Eocene Location: Cache Creek Formation, British Columbia, Canada The theory of evolution cannot explain the origins of living organisms and is also desperate in the face of fossil ginkgo leaves, showing that the species has remained unchanged for tens of millions of years. Such fossils, proving that living organisms have stayed the same as long as they've existed, have dealt a fatal blow to the theory of evolution. As many other branches of science, paleontology also confirms that Creation is an obvious fact.

BIRCH LEAF Age: 50 million years    Period: Eocene Location: Cache Creek Formation, British Columbia, Canada God is able to create all organisms perfectly at any time, and in any form. Our Almighty Lord creates any living being upon His order " Be!" The Earth abounds with perfect and complex living things that came into existence with His will, species that have displayed the same perfect features throughout history and—by God's will—have proved that they were created in one moment and in perfect form. Whether Darwinists accept this fact or not, all paleontological evidence will continue to demolish their theory. That is because, as is in the case of this birch leaf that has remained unchanged for 50 million years, paleontology continues to provide specimens of living fossils.

ROBINIA LEAF Age: 50 million years    Period: Eocene Location: Cache Creek Formation, British Columbia, Canada Claiming that intermediate forms must exist between known fossils, Darwinists try to deceive people. Yet countless living species and their fossil counterparts reveal clearly, and with adequate proof, that a process such as evolutionists claim to have existed never occurred. Those who continue to believe in the theory of evolution despite these facts are Darwinists. They ignore this obvious evidence revealed by the fossil record and trust that these imaginary "intermediate forms" will be found one day. One of the living fossils that refutes Darwinists' hopes and keeps them from deceiving people is this 50-million-year-old robinia leaf pictured.

SERVICEBERRY LEAF Age: 50 million years Period: Eocene Location: Cache Creek Formation, British Columbia, Canada Like all other living organisms, plants too emerged in the fossil record quite suddenly and with structures peculiar to them. The appearance and structures they displayed millions of years ago is the same as the appearance and structures they do now. This shows that living things are created by One having a superior wisdom, that is, our Lord, God. One piece of evidence is this serviceberry leaf, about 50 million years old.

GINKGO LEAF Age: 54-37 million years Period: Eocene Location: Cache Creek Formation, British Columbia, Canada Throughout history, turtles have remained as turtles, gnats have remained as gnats, ants have remained as ants and ginkgo leaves remained as ginkgo leaves. No matter how old a fossil ginkgo leaf we examine is, we see that it has the very same structure of today' s ginkgos. The leaves are the very same, whether 50 million years old or hundreds of millions of years old. Like all other living things, the ginkgo has not undergone any changes and has not lived through any process of evolution. Each species is created in the same way with the superior artistry of our Lord.

ELM LEAF Age: 50 million years Period: Eocene Location: Cache Creek Formation, British Columbia, Canada Pictured is a fossilized elm leaf, 50 million years old. As it illustrates, the elms that lived millions of years ago and those of our day are no different. This tree has never undergone any changes, as the advocates of the so-called "punctuated equilibrium" or those who favor the imaginary "gradual evolution" put forward. No matter how hard evolutionists, lacking proofs, try to adapt their theory to the situation they encounter, this truth will not change. Living fossils have refuted evolution.

GINKGO LEAF Age: 50 million years Period: Eocene Location: Cache Creek Formation, British Columbia, Canada Of the Earth' s rocks, 99 percent has been excavated, and roughly 100 million fossils belonging to 250 thousand still-living species have been unearthed. Among these fossils, there exists not one intermediate form, or any fossil belonging to a primitive version of a "later" organism. From the first moment they appear in the fossil record, living beings display complete and complex structures. This ginkgo leaf from the Eocene epoch (54 to 37 million years ago) is no different from the ginkgo leaves of our own day.

GINKGO LEAF Age: 50 million years Period: Eocene Location: Cache Creek Formation, British Columbia, Canada According to the evolutionist suggestions far removed from science, living things evolved from one another. In such a case, there must have existed intermediate species between two known species and strange, inadequately developed versions. And the number of these intermediate beings' fossils should exceed millions. However, fossil record lacks such intermediate stages. No one has ever found a single one of these specimens. From the first moment they existed, living things have enjoyed flawless and perfect structures. Living organisms of our own day also possessed their current features millions of year ago—a fact disclosed by the fossil record. This approximately 50-million-year-old ginkgo leaf proves this once again.

ALDER LEAF Age: 50 million years Period: Eocene Location: Cache Creek Formation, British Columbia, Canada This alder leaf of 50 million years ago is only one of the millions of examples showing that living organisms have remained unchanged for many millions of years. Evolutionists have claimed approximately a dozen fossils to be intermediate forms, but they in fact belong to complex organisms of different types that by no means show any features of an intermediate species. Some of these, in fact, have been exposed as examples of fraud. Evolutionists have no evidence that will justify their claims; and living fossil specimens constantly confirm this fact.

FOSSIL SPECIMENS OF PLANTS

FOSSIL SPECIMENS OF PLANTS

FERN Age: 320 million years Period: Carboniferous Location: Lancashire, United Kingdom The fossil pictured is evidence that ferns did not evolve from other plants, and have not transformed into ferns of our day by gradual changes. They have always remained as ferns, with all their features and functions. This fossil, 320 million years old, is evidence that as with all living and non-living things, Almighty God created plants; and that evolution is nothing but a scenario based on a figment of imagination. For the last 150 years, every corner of the Earth has been excavated in search of fossils, and millions of them have been discovered. But among all these fossils, there exists not a single half-developed specimen that possesses the features of two different living species—which can be termed an intermediate "missing link." Every fossil discovered so far reveals that living beings emerged all of a sudden and have never changed, as long as they did not become extinct. This has a clear implication: God created living beings..

GINKGO LEAF Age: 50 million years Period: Eocene Location: Cache Creek Formation, British Columbia, Canada One piece of evidence invalidating the scenario of plants' evolution is the 50-million-year-old ginkgo leaf pictured. This fossil indicates that ginkgos have always remained as ginkgos and have not originated from another plant or transformed into another species. This places evolutionists in a deadlock.

FERN Age: 320 million years Period: Carboniferous Location: Lancashire, United Kingdom If a living being preserves its structure with no changes for millions of years and if it possessed all its current features millions of years ago, then it is impossible to say that this organism has evolved. The 320-million-year-old fern fossil pictured is no different from ferns in our day—one of the proofs that living things have not evolved.

GINKGO LEAF Age: 50 million years Period: Eocene Location: Cache Creek Formation, British Columbia, Canada If evolution took place, as Darwinists claim, then there had to be thousands of intermediate forms, and not the countless living fossils that remained unchanged on Earth. Evolutionists would continuously find fossils of intermediate species that changed from one life form to another, millions of specimens of "developing species." However, evolutionists have failed to discover even a single such intermediate fossil. They've failed to present a single organ developing in a single organism. As you can see, this ginkgo leaf has not undergone any changes since the Eocene period (54-37 million years ago).

PINE CONE Age: 65-23 million years Period: Early Tertiary Location: New Bamberg, Germany Scientists examining the structure of pine cones were astonished by their reproductive structures. The cones which produce pollen make use of aerodynamic forces. Research has shown that these plants can change the wind's linear movement in three different ways. First, the branches and twigs direct wind's direction towards the center of the pine cone. Then, the wind in this area is directed and angled towards the cone's ovaries, where the seeds will be formed. In the second method, the wind, getting in contact with the cone's outer covering, whirls around its axis and tends toward the openings to the cone's interior. Third, thanks to the cone's projections, it causes turbulence that deflects the wind down, toward the cone's outer surface. (For further information, see Harun Yahya's The Miracle of Creation in Plants, Goodword Books, 2002.) No doubt that this tree, which lacks a brain and yet engages in making use of the wind's movements, employs a kind of wisdom that cannot be explained by coincidence, as evolutionists claim. Coincidences cannot teach a plant how to exploit the wind. Moreover, plants lack the ability to plan even a single part of such a complex system. This perfect structure in pine cones is the artistry of our Almighty Lord.

GINKGO LEAF Age: 50 million years Period: Eocene Location: Cache Creek Formation, British Columbia, Canada A ginkgo leaf on a tree today is no different from the one that grew 50 million years ago or even before. The same holds true for all living organisms on Earth. The fact that they have remained unchanged amazes many evolutionist scientists. It has made many of them change their outlook, and brought others to see that evolution, which they had been defending for years, is only a fraud. Those evolutionists who insist in their error in spite of these facts are being entirely ideological, not scientific.

FERN Age: 320 million years Period: Carboniferous Location: Lancashire, United Kingdom Ferns that grew 320 million years ago were photosynthesizing, absorbing water from soil, taking benefit of sunlight and reproducing by spores just like those alive in our day. These plants that have the same features for hundreds of millions of years have clearly not evolved. However, Darwinists fail to recognize this obvious fact, due to their ideological concerns.

KEAKI LEAF Age: 45 million years Period: Eocene Location: Green River Formation, Wyoming, USA Zelkova serrate is native to Japan, Korea, China and Taiwan. In Japan, it is known as keaki, a deciduous tree growing from 20 to 35 meters (65 to 114 feet) tall, with quite broad leaves. Like all other plants, keaki have remained the same since the time they first existed, and fossil record supports this. The fossilized keaki leaf pictured is 45 million years old, but identical to the keaki leaves of today.

GINKGO LEAF Age: 50 million years    Period: Eocene Location: Cache Creek Formation, British Columbia, Canada Insentient atoms cannot come together coincidentally and make up a single cell of the ginkgo leaf, with its perfect appearance. Yet this is exactly what Darwinists claim. That is why they try to prove that unconscious atoms have succeeded at doing so, and why they constantly seek intermediate forms they have yet to find. However, as in the past, what they continue to encounter are living fossils. One example is the 50-million-year-old ginkgo leaf pictured.

MOUNTAIN ALDER LEAF Age: 50 million years old          Period: Eocene Location: Cache Creek Formation, British Columbia, Canada This mountain alder leaf from the Eocene epoch (54 to 37 million years ago) displays the features of our day' s mountain alder leaves. The details in the leaf' s vein system are preserved perfectly, providing evidence, contradicting evolution, that the species has undergone no change.

 

FOSSIL SPECIMENS OF PLANTS

FOSSIL SPECIMENS OF PLANTS

FERN Age: 300 million years Period: Carboniferous Location: Saint Clair, Pennsylvania, USA During excavations over the past 150 years, not a single half-developed, supposedly primitive plant fossil possessing the features of two different species (for instance, a half-fern, half-shrub) has been found. This demolishes any claim that plants have evolved. Other findings that invalidate this claim are the countless fossils of plants still living today. The 300 million-year-old fern is one of these "living fossils" that reveals that evolution is a deception.

PINE CONE Age: 65-23 million years Period: Early Tertiary Location: New Bamberg, Germany The structure of cones, organs on conifers that contain the plant's ovaries, has remained the same for millions of years, as with the structures of all other living species. This cone, 65 to 23 million years old, and identical ones of our day are one of the important examples revealing that throughout these long ages, evolution has never occurred.

FERN Age: 320 million years Period: Carboniferous Location: Lancashire, United Kingdom Fossil findings have put evolutionists in such a position that they can no longer defend their claims regarding the origins of plants. N.F. Hughes, an evolutionist paleobotanist, confesses as such: . . . With few exceptions of detail, however, the failure to find a satisfactory explanation has persisted, and many botanists have concluded that the problem is not capable of solution, by use of fossil evidence. (N. F. Hughes, Paleobiology of Angiosperm Origins: Problems of Mesozoic Seed-Plant Evolution, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976, pp. 1-2.) One of the specimens that make it impossible for Darwinists to defend the theory of evolution is the 320-million-year-old fern pictured. Evolutionists fail to give any explanation for this example, which is one of the countless fossils showing that plants have not evolved, but were created by God.

SYCAMORE BRANCH WITH  SEED PODS Age: 37-23 million years Period: Oligocene Location: Bonanza, Utah, USA Evolutionists claim that plants originated from a common ancestor, yet they fail to offer a single scientific finding to prove it. On the other hand, innumerable findings show that plants were separately created, with features distinct to each species, and that they did not evolve. One of these is the 37- to 23-million-year-old sycamore branch that fossilized together with its seed pods. This fossil, which is no different from the sycamores alive today, invalidates the theory of evolution.

FIGS Age: 70 million years Period: Upper Cretaceous Location: Hell Creek Formation, Montana, USA A fig is the fruit of Figus, a genus of about 800 species of woody trees and shrubs. The 70-million-year-old fig fossil pictured reveals that evolutionists are unable to explain the origins of plants, along with that of animals. Other than a few speculations, the theory of evolution offers no information regarding the origins of tens of thousands of plants and their fruits and flowers. Moreover, all of these speculations are refuted by actual fossil findings.

SEED FERN Age: 308-294 million years Period: Carboniferous Location: Jastrzebie, Poland The seed fern fossil pictured is about 308 million years old, and it challenges evolution with its structure, unchanged for hundreds of millions of years. If the claims that living species develop by constantly changing were true, then during the hundreds of millions of years, ferns should have evolved into trees and germ cells had to change and develop totally different structures. But despite those 300 million years, no such change has been experienced and it will not happen in the future. Ferns of today are identical to those ferns that lived hundreds of millions of years ago. They have never experienced any evolutionary process, but were created with all their current features.

SEED FERN Age: 308-294 million years Period: Carboniferous Location: Czerwionka, Poland A fern is any of a group of plants classified in the phylum of Pteridophyta. Most species grow in damp environments, in between rocks or under trees. This example has survived to our day with no changes since the beginning of the Carboniferous period. Along with leaves, the fossil record also provides specimens of fern spores. Spores are the single-celled reproductive bodies existing in some plants that are highly resistant to negative conditions. Ferns that reproduce through spores bear sporangia under their leaves that contain these cells. Pictured is the underside of a fern leaf, which possesses the sporangia. For hundreds of millions of years, ferns have been reproducing in the same way and have preserved their physical features. Evolutionists, who claim that living species have gradually developed and constantly change, cannot explain this situation in any convincing scientific manner. This unchanging state of living species' structure shows that evolution has never occurred, that our Lord created them all.

ELM LEAF Age: 50 million years Period: Eocene Location: Cache Creek Formation, British Columbia, Canada Darwin himself was aware that his theory was contradictory, inconsistent and unrealistic and expressed his concerns in his articles and letters. For instance, in a letter to his close friend Asa Gray, a Harvard biology professor, he wrote that his theory of evolution was only a speculation: I am quite conscious that my speculations run quite beyond the bounds of true science. (N.C. Gillespie, Charles Darwin and the Problem of Creation, 1979, p. 2.) After Darwin, many scientists confirmed that the theory of evolution has no value and that it is only speculative. One of the branches of science that confirmed this was paleontology. All fossils collected so far demonstrate that evolution has never occurred with any of them. One fossil displaying this fact is the 50-million-year-old elm leaf fossil pictured.

PALM LEAF Age: 300 million years Period: Carboniferous Location: Liberty, Washington, USA The theory of evolution's inability to explain the origins of plants is also confessed by evolutionists themselves. For instance, Eldred Corner, a professor in the Botanic Department of Cambridge University, expresses that fossils support not the evolution of plants, but the fact of Creation: I still think that, to the unprejudiced, the fossil record of plants is in favour of special creation. If, however, another explanation could be found for this hierarchy of classification, it would be the knell of the theory of evolution. Can you imagine how an orchid, a duckweed, and a palm have come from the same ancestry, and have we any evidence for this assumption? The evolutionist must be prepared with an answer, but I think that most would break down before an inquisition. (Dr. Eldred Corner, Evolution in Contemporary BotanicalThought, Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1961, p. 97.) As Corner also states, fossil findings reveal that plants have not originated from a common, imaginary ancestor but were created individually with all the features they currently possess. One of the fossils displaying this fact is the 300-million-year-old palm fossil pictured. Palms have remained the same for hundreds of millions of years, which stresses the baseless nature of the theory of evolution.

FERN

Age: 320 million years
Period: Carboniferous
Location: Lancashire, United Kingdom

Plants have extremely complex structures, and it is impossible for them to have emerged through coincidental effects or for one species to have transformed into another, as evolutionists claim. Fossil record also reveals that different plants have emerged on Earth momentarily, with structures peculiar to them and that they had no evolutionary "ancestors" before them, as evolutionists claim.

For instance this 320-million-year-old fossil fern indicates that these plants have not changed for hundreds of millions of years. Ferns in our day are no different from those that lived 320 million years ago. In the face of this fact, evolutionists can give no reasonable scientific answer.

FOSSIL SPECIMENS OF PLANTS

FOSSIL SPECIMENS OF PLANTS

SERVICEBERRY LEAF Age: 54-37 million years Period: Eocene Location: Cache Creek Formation, British Columbia, Canada The serviceberry (Amelanchier) is a genus of deciduous trees and large shrubs, widely distributed in the temperate Northern Hemisphere. Most of the species occur in North America, and one single species grows in Europe and Asia. The serviceberry leaf fossil pictured once again shows that evolution is merely a figment of imagination. Serviceberry trees have always remained as serviceberries; they have not come into being by gradual changes from any other species of plant—which effectively silences Darwinists.

MAGNOLIA LEAF Age: 54-37 million years Period: Eocene Location: Cache Creek Formation, British Columbia, Canada 95-million-year-old fossil specimens of magnolia trees reveal the same structure and features as ones living today. Magnolia trees that lived 95 million years ago, those that lived 50 million years ago, and those living today are all identical. This fact alone is enough to invalidate Darwinists' claim that living species evolved from one another via gradual changes. Living organisms have not undergone evolution, but were created.

SERVICEBERRY LEAF Age: 54-37 million years Period: Eocene Location: Cache Creek Formation, British Columbia, Canada Serviceberry is a small deciduous tree with alternate or finely serrated leaves, 2 to 10 centimeters (0.7 to 3.9 in) long and 1 to 4 centimeters (0.3 to 1.5 in) across. The fossilized serviceberry leaf pictured has also the same features, but lived 54 to 37 million years ago, during the Eocene period. This is obvious evidence that this tree has not undergone any evolution. With its leaves and flowers, serviceberry retains the same features as the day it was first created.

ELM LEAF Age: 50 million years Period: Eocene Location: Cache Creek Formation, British Columbia, Canada The fossilized elm leaf pictured lived 50 million years ago. In its structure and appearance, this fossil reveals that elms have not gone through any changes for 50 million years. If a living species undergoes not the slightest change for 50 million years, it is by no means possible to say that this species has evolved. This logic, as revealed in this elm leaf, is valid for all other living species. They have not come into existence by evolving via random coincidences, but were created.

SERVICEBERRY LEAF (left) WITH SEQUOIA STEM Age: 50 million years Period: Eocene Location: Cache Creek Formation, British Columbia, Canada This serviceberry leaf, fossilized together with a sequoia stem, is 50 million years old and reveals that for all that time, both species have remained the same. In the face of such fossil findings, Darwinists can never explain how plants first originated. Pierre-Paul Grassé explains that mutation—one of evolution's conjectural mechanisms—and chance can never explain the occurrence of plants: The opportune appearance of mutations permitting animals and plants to meet their needs seems hard to believe. Yet the Darwinian theory is even more demanding: A single plant, a single animal would require thousands and thousands of lucky, appropriate events. Thus, miracles would become the rule: events with an infinitesimal probability could not fail to occur . . . There is no law against daydreaming, but science must not indulge in it. (Pierre-Paul Grassé, Evolution of Living Organisms, Academic Press, New York, 1977, p. 103.)

MAGNOLIA LEAF Age: 54-37 million years Period: Eocene Location: Cache Creek Formation, British Columbia, Canada The magnolia tree, named after French botanist Pierre Magnol, is a large genus comprising about 210 species. The fossil pictured is about 50 million years old. Magnolias, as shown by other 95-million-year-old fossils, have always remained as magnolias since the moment they existed. They have neither evolved from any other plants, nor turned into any other species. Fossil record remains to be one of the most important proofs of this fact.

GINKGO LEAF Age: 50 million years Period: Eocene Location: Cache Creek Formation, British Columbia, Canada Biologist Francis Hitching states that the millions of fossil specimens gathered so far do not support Darwin's theory of evolution: If we find fossils, and if Darwin's theory was right, we can predict what the rock should contain; finely graduated fossils leading from one group of creatures to another group of creatures at a higher level of complexity. The "minor improvements" in successive generations should be as readily preserved as the species themselves. But this is hardly ever the case. In fact, the opposite holds true . . . (Francis Hitching, The Neck of the Giraffe: Where Darwin Went Wrong, New Haven: Ticknor and Fields, 1982, p. 40.) Just as Francis Hitching said, the fossil pictured shows that ginkgo leaves have remained the same for 50 million years, also showing the inaccuracy of Darwinist claims.

MAGNOLIA LEAF Age: 50 million years Period: Eocene Location: Cache Creek Formation, British Columbia, Canada So far, many plant fossils have been uncovered. All of them share a common characteristic: They are all flawless and identical to plants alive today. For instance, it is an established fact that billions of years ago, algae—which evolutionists present as primitive cells and claim to be the ancestor of all plants—had the very same characteristics as they do today. Besides, it is impossible to explain the occurrence of photosynthesis by chance. Turkish evolutionist Ali Demirsoy expresses this impossibility: Photosynthesis is a rather complicated event, and it seems impossible for it to emerge in an organelle inside a cell (because it is impossible for all the stages to have come about at once, and it is meaningless for them to have emerged separately). (Prof. Dr. Ali Demirsoy, Kalitim ve Evrim [Inheritance and Evolution], Ankara: Meteksan Publications, p. 80.)

HORNBEAM LEAF ON STEM Age: 54-37 million years Period: Eocene Location: Cache Creek Formation, British Columbia, Canada Hornbeams of between 30 and 40 different species occur across much of the North Temperate regions, with the greatest number of species in East Asia, particularly China. Only two species occur in Europe, and only one in eastern North America. Fossil findings reveal that hornbeams alive today and those that lived tens of millions of years ago were no different. Hornbeams, which have survived for millions of years without any changes, challenge Darwinist claims and proclaim Creation as an obvious fact.

SOAPBERRY LEAF

Age: 50 million years
Period: Eocene
Location: Cache Creek Formation, British Columbia, Canada

Through almost unceasing propaganda, Darwinist publications try to show evolution as a scientific theory, inculcating the lie that "Evolution is scientific." However many scientists—including evolutionists—point out that Darwin's theory is far from being supported by any scientific evidence. One of them, the Turkish evolutionist Cemal Yildirim, expresses how evolution lacks scientific support:

No scientist (whether be Darwinist or neo-Darwinist) can suggest the notion that the theory of evolution is proved. (Cemal Yildirim, Evrim Kurami ve Bagnazlik [The Theory of Evolution and Bigotry], Bilgi Publishing, January 1989, pp. 56-57.)

As Darwinists also confess, although there exists not a single scientific finding supporting evolution, countless fossils prove that living species were created. One of these is the 50-million-year-old fossilized soapberry leaf pictured here.

FOSSIL SPECIMENS OF PLANTS

FOSSIL SPECIMENS OF PLANTS

HACKBERRY LEAF Age: 45 million years Period: Eocene Location: Green River Formation, Wyoming, USA Hackberries are generally medium-sized trees, reaching a height of 10 to 25 meters (33 to 82 feet). Like all other plants, hackberries have always remained as hackberries, as is testified by the fossil record. All hackberry fossils unearthed to date reveal that the hackberries of today are identical with those that lived tens of millions of years ago. This exact similarity refutes the theory of evolution.

FERN Age: 300 million years Period: Westphalian B., Duckmantian, Upper Carboniferous Location: Crock Hey Open Cast Quarry, Wigan, Lancashire, United Kingdom Fossil record proves that plants, like all other living beings, have undergone no evolutionary process. Ferns that lived 300 million years ago are completely identical to contemporary ones, in both their structure and appearance. This identity renders evolution impossible, revealing Creation as a scientifically obvious fact. All-Mighty God created all living beings flawlessly and completely, with all their current features intact, which fact is also supported by the fossil record.

BEECH Age: 50 million years Period: Eocene Location: Cache Creek Formation, British Columbia, Canada Beeches, of the Fagaceae family, are native to temperate Europe, Asia and North America. Fossil record affords one of the most striking evidence proving that these trees have never undergone evolution. Beeches, whose traces always appear with the same features in the fossil record, have not undergone the slightest change for tens of millions of years, which shows that these trees did not gradually evolve from any other plant. With His superior wisdom, our Lord created the beech perfectly, as with all other living species, and with no prior examples.

ZELKOVA LEAF Age: 50 million years Period: Eocene Location: Cache Creek Formation, British Columbia, Canada Having accepted evolution as their primary dogma and "pushing" plants to comply with their evolutionary scenario—despite their total lack of qualifications to do so—Darwinists are reluctant to admit that fossil record runs against their theory. Furthermore, they make meticulous efforts to hide this fact from the public. One of the evidence showing that fossil plants go against evolutionary explanations is the 50-million-year-old fossil zelkova leaf pictured. Zelkovas that are 50 million years old are identical to contemporary ones. This piece of information alone is enough to render the theory of evolution invalid.

GINKGO LEAF Age: 50 million years Period: Eocene Location: Cache Creek Formation, British Columbia, Canada Ginkgo tree dates back some 250 million years. The first to name these plants as "the living fossils" was Charles Darwin. Aware that ginkgo leaves posed a threat to his theory, Darwin definitely never expected that this threat would be supported by millions of other living fossils that would come to light in the following years. While one single living fossil specimen made Darwin reach a deadlock, Darwinists today must explain millions of flawless specimens. The 50-million-year-old ginkgo leaf pictured is just one of these examples.

ELM LEAF WITH SECTION OF BRANCH Age: 54-37 million years Period: Eocene Location: Cache Creek Formation, British Columbia, Canada In the fossil record, there exists not a single specimen revealing that one species of plant has come into being by evolving from another species by a series of minor changes. Countless fossil specimens unearthed reveal that every plant has been created with features of its own, and that it has remained unchanged as long as the species existed. One of the findings that prove this fact is this 54- to 37-million-year-old elm leaf fossil.

ROBINIA (right) AND BIRCH LEAVES Age: 54-37 million years Period: Eocene Location: Cache Creek Formation, British Columbia, Canada Today, Robinia live mainly in North America, Europe and regions of Asia that enjoy temperate climates. Birches that belong to the family Betulaceae are also widespread in temperate climates. Fossils of these plants evidence that birches have not gone through any evolutionary process. For tens of millions of years, Robinia and birch trees have remained in their original form to reveal that evolution is a lie and Creation is an obvious fact.

WILLOW Age: 54-37 million years Period: Eocene Location: Cache Creek Formation, British Columbia, Canada Willows are deciduous trees that belong to the Salicaceae family. Like all other plant species, willows have remained unchanged for millions of years. In other words, they have not gone through evolution. Willows, simply refuting Darwinists' claims of gradual evolution, once again verify that God created them, together with all living beings. The 54- to 37- million-year-old willow leaf fossil pictured is one important piece of evidence.

FERN Age: 300 million years Period: Upper Carboniferous Location: Crock Hey Open Cast Quarry, Wigan, Lancashire, United Kingdom Living organisms that remained unchanged for hundreds of millions of years refute all Darwinist claims regarding the origins and development of life. Darwinists claim that living beings undergo constant genetic change that results in evolution. Fossils, on the other hand, reveal that living beings have never changed since the first moment they appeared. The meaning is clear: Living beings have not evolved, but were created by Almighty God.

MOUNTAIN ASH BRANCH Age: 54-37 million years Period: Eocene Location: Cache Creek Formation, British Columbia, Canada Mountain ash is a tree of the genus Sorbus, widespread in cooler regions of North America. One of the findings that put Darwinists in an impasse is the fossil of a plant like this, which reveals that the tree in question has never, in any period of history, undergone any evolutionary process. The 54- to 37-million-year-old fossil pictured is one of these findings, proving that mountain ash trees have remained the same for tens of millions of years; and that God created them.

FOSSIL SPECIMENS OF BIRDS

FOSSIL SPECIMENS OF BIRDS

CONFUCIUSORNIS Age: 120 million years Period: Mesozoic Age, Cretaceous      Location: Liaoning Province, China The theory of evolution claims that birds evolved from small therapod dinosaurs—in other words, from reptiles. The fact is, however, that anatomical comparisons between birds and reptiles refute this claim, as does the fossil record. The fossil pictured belongs to an extinct species of bird known as Confuciusornis, the first specimen of which was discovered in China in 1995. Confuciusornis bears a very close resemblance to present-day birds and has demolished the scenario of bird evolution that evolutionists have proposed for decades. In describing the imaginary evolution of birds, evolutionists for years used the bird known as Archæopteryx as evidence. All the subsequent scientific findings made, however, show this claim to be untrue. The Conficiusornis fossil is another piece of evidence showing that Archæopteryx cannot be the supposed forerunner of birds. This bird, from the same period as Archæopteryx (around 140 million years ago), has no teeth. Its beak and feathers have the same characteristics as those of present-day birds. Its skeletal structure is also identical to that of modern-day birds, and it has talons on its wings, as does Archæopteryx. The structure known as the pygostyle, which supports the tail feathers, is also present in this bird. In short, this creature, the same age as Archæopteryx—which evolutionists regard as the oldest supposed forebear of birds, as being half-reptile and half-bird—bears a very close resemblance to modern-day birds. This fact refutes evolutionist theses to the effect that Archæopteryx is the primitive forerunner of all birds.

MESSEL BIRD Messelornis cristata Age: 50 million years Period: Eocene Location: Messel Shales, Germany The bird fossil was named for having been discovered in the famous Messel shales. None of the bodily mechanisms of birds, which have a completely different structure from terrestrial life forms, can be explained in terms of any gradual evolutionary model. First of all, wings—the most important feature that makes birds what they are—represent a complete impasse for the theory of evolution. Evolutionists themselves state the impossibility of a reptile being able to fly and indeed, that this claim is contradicted by the fossil record. The ornithologist Alan Feduccia, for example, asks, "How do you derive birds from a heavy, earthbound, bipedal reptile that has a deep body, a heavy balancing tail, and fore-shortened forelimbs? Biophysically, it's impossible." ("Jurassic Bird Challenges Origin Theories," Geotimes, January 1996, p. 7.) The fossilization of birds is generally a very rare and difficult process because of the hollow structure of their bones. Bird fossils that are very well-preserved with all their limbs are frequently encountered, however, in the Messel Formation in Germany. Messelornis cristata, shown here, is one of the species most frequently discovered. This bird, resembling a small crane in size, is generally included as part of the crane family. It has short feathers, long legs and short nails. Its tail feathers, on the other hand, are quite long. The crest on its head resembles a helmet. The total length of the skeleton is 25 to 30 centimeters (9.8 to 11.8 in). Some of the fossils belonging to different bird species obtained from the Messel Formation include: Aenigmavis Messelornis Palaeotis (a kind of ostrich) Parargornis (a kind of flycatcher) Selmes Woodpecker Hawk Flamingo

LIAOXIORNIS Age: 144-65 million years Period: Mesozoic Age, Cretaceous Location: Liaoning Province, China All the fossils unearthed show that birds have always existed as birds, and that they have not evolved from any other life form. Darwinists, who maintain that birds evolved from terrestrial animals, are actually well aware of this, and are unable to account for how wings and the flight mechanism emerged through an evolutionary process and through random mechanisms such as mutation. The Turkish biologist Engin Korur admits the impossibility of wing evolution: "The common feature of eyes and wings is that they can perform their functions only when they are fully developed. To put it another way, sight is impossible with a deficient eye, and flight is impossible with half a wing. How these organs appeared is still one of those secrets of nature that have not yet been fully illuminated." (Engin Korur, "Gozlerin ve Kanatlarin Sirri" ("The Secret of Eyes and Wings"), Bilim ve Teknik, No. 203, October 1984, p. 25.) Powerful wing muscles must be securely attached to the bird's breastbone, and have a structure suitable for lifting the bird into the air and establishing balance and movement in all directions when aloft. It is also essential that bird's wing and tail feathers be light, flexible and in proportion to one another—that they should have a perfect aerodynamic framework making flight possible. At this point, the theory of evolution faces a major dilemma: The question of how this wing's flawless structure could have emerged as the result of a succession of random mutations goes unanswered. "Evolution" can never explain how a reptile's forelegs could have developed into a flawless wing as the result of impairments in its genes—that is, mutations. As the quotation cited on the preceding page states, flight is impossible with just a half wing. Therefore, even if we assume that a mutation of some kind did cause some kind of changes in a reptile's forelegs, it is still irrational to expect that a wing could emerge by chance, as a result of other mutations being added on. Any mutation in the front legs would not endow the animal with wings, but would deprive it of the use of its forelegs. This would leave the creature physically disadvantaged (crippled, in other words) compared to other members of its species. According to biophysical research, mutations take place only very rarely. Therefore, it is impossible to expect such handicapped creatures to wait for millions of years for their half-formed, functionless wings to be completed by small mutations.

CONFUCIUSORNIS SANCTUS Age: 120 million years Period: Mesozoic Age, Cretaceous Location: Liaoning Province, China The French scientific journal Science et Vie made the following comment regarding this bird, now known as Confuciusornis sanctus: "According to Chinese and American palaeontologists examining the fossil . . . they were dealing with a first class discovery. This flying bird, the same approximate size as a water rail, is around 157 million years old . . . older than Archæopteryx." (Jean Philippe Noel, "Les Oiseaux de la Discorde," Science et Vie, No. 961, October 1997, p. 83.) The significance of this discovery is obvious; the fact that Confuciusornis lived during the same period as a life form claimed to have been the supposed forerunner of birds—and the fact that it bears a very close similarity to present-day birds—totally invalidates evolutionists' claims. There are several structural differences between birds and reptiles, one of the most important of these being bone structure. The bones of dinosaurs—regarded by evolutionists as the supposed ancestors of birds—are thick and solid, making them very heavy. On the other hand, the bones of birds—both living and extinct species—are all hollow and thus very light, which is of great importance in their being able to fly. Another difference between birds and reptiles is their different metabolic rates. Reptiles have one of the slowest metabolisms of all life forms on Earth, while birds hold the highest. Due to a sparrow's very fast metabolism, for example, its body temperature may sometimes rise to as high as 48°C (118.4 F). Reptiles are unable to generate their own body heat, warming their bodies by basking in the sun's rays. Reptiles consume energy the slowest, while birds consume it the highest of all. Despite his being an evolutionist, Alan Feduccia strongly opposes the theory that birds and dinosaurs are related, on the basis of scientific findings. On the subject of the dino-bird evolution thesis, he has this to say: Well, I've studied bird skulls for 25 years and I don't see any similarities whatsoever. I just don't see it . . . The theropod origins of birds, in my opinion, will be the greatest embarrassment of paleontology of the 20th century. (Pat Shipman, "Birds Do It … Did Dinosaurs?," New  Scientist, 1 February 1997, p. 28.)

LIAONINGORNIS Age: 140 million years Period: Mesozoic Age, Cretaceous Location: Liaoning Province, China Yet another discovery that invalidates evolutionist claims regarding the origin of birds is the Liaoningornis fossil shown here. The existence of this bird, around 140 million years of age and first discovered in China in November 1996, was announced by the ornithologists Lianhin Hou, and Martin and Alan Feduccia in an article published in Science magazine. Liaoningornis had a breastbone to which the flight muscles were attached, as in present-day birds. It was also identical to birds living today in all other respects. The sole difference was that it had teeth in its jaw. This showed that odontornithes (toothed birds) by no means had the kind of primitive structure claimed by evolutionists. Indeed, in an analysis in Discover magazine Alan Feduccia stated that Liaoningornis invalidated the claim that dinosaurs constitute the origin of birds. ("Old Bird," Discover, 21 March 1997.)

One of evolutionists' most unbelievable claims is the thesis they propose to account for how terrestrial animals supposedly began to fly. According to this tale, one that even primary school children would find ridiculous, the forearms of reptiles that hunted flies eventually turned into wings, and the animals began flying. This thesis, a complete misery of logic, is just one of the countless examples of the desperate straits in which Darwinism finds itself. So great is the logical collapse Darwinists exhibited that they never even consider the question of "How were the flies the reptiles were chasing able to fly?"

The fact is that flies have an utterly immaculate flight system. While human beings cannot flap their arms even 10 times a second, an average fly is able to beat its wings 500 times a second. In addition, both its wings beat simultaneously. The slightest discrepancy between the movements of the two wings would cause the fly to lose balance. Yet no such discrepancy ever arises. The biologist Robin Wootton describes the perfection in the fly's wing:

The better we understand the functioning of insect wings, the more subtle and beautiful their designs appear . . . Structures are traditionally designed to deform as little as possible; mechanisms are designed to move component parts in predictable ways. Insect wings combine both in one, using components with a wide range of elastic properties, elegantly assembled to allow appropriate deformations in response to appropriate forces and to make the best possible use of the air. They have few if any technological parallels—yet. (Robin J. Wootton, "The Mechanical Design of Insect Wings," Scientific American, Vol. 263, November 1990, p. 120.)

One of the main features of the fossil record is that living things remain unchanged over the course of very lengthy periods of geological time. There is no difference between this 50-million-year-old fossil fly and specimens alive today.	Specimens of winged insects are frequently encountered in the fossil record, some of which are 300 million years old. The fossil march fly in the picture is 50 million years old.	The countless mosquito fossils discovered to date show that these animals have always been mosquitoes, that they did not evolve from any other life form, and that they never underwent any intermediate stages.

If the Darwinists' claims were true, then a great many other animals famed for their high speed also would chase flies, and lions, leopards, cheetahs and horses should also one day have grown wings and started flying. Darwinists adorn these claims with scientific and Latin terminology, and millions of people naively believe them. The fact is, though, scientific findings openly and clearly reveal the invalidity of evolutionist claims. Not a single example of a living thing gradually acquiring wings has ever been encountered in the fossil record. Research reveals that any such transition is impossible.

ACCORDING TO THE EVOLUTIONIST DREAM —OR RATHER, NIGHTMARE—, THIS SHOULD BE THE CASE Believing in Darwinist claims regarding the origin of flight means believing that cheetahs will someday gain wings and fly, and that tigers will one day turn into giant birds. No rational person could ever accept such an irrational claim.

FOSSIL SPECIMENS OF SEA CREATURES

FOSSIL SPECIMENS OF SEA CREATURES

COELACANTH Age: 150 million years Period: Upper Jurrassic Location: Solnhofen, Eichstatt, Bavaria, Germany Evolutionists once claimed that coelacanths were an extinct "missing link" or "intermediate form" of creature between fish and amphibian. But since 1938, when a live specimen was caught, it is known that the coelacanth is a deep-water fish that still lives off the African coast. Fossils of the creatures such as the coelacanth disprove evolution's scenario that living things have changed over time. According to the fossil record, the coelacanth dates back 410 million years. Evolutionists thought it was proof of the existence of an "intermediate form" between fish and amphibians. Seventy million years ago, it mysteriously disappeared from the fossil record and was believed to become extinct. But starting in 1938, coelacanths have been caught in the ocean more than 200 times: first in South Africa; then in 1952 in the Comores Islands in southwestern Madagascar, and in 1998 in Sulamesi in Indonesia. The paleontologist, J. L. B. Smith could not help expressing his amazement when he saw a coelacanth that was caught: "If I'd met a dinosaur in the street I wouldn't have been more astonished." (Jean-Jacques Hublin, The Hamlyn Encyclopædia of Prehistoric Animals, New York: The Hamlyn Publishing Group Ltd., 1984, p. 120.) With the discovery of a living coelacanth, it appeared that the claims made about these creatures were nothing but deceptions. Besides, evolutionists had declared this was a creature that lived in shallow water and was a prospective amphibian, waiting to emerge from the water on its leg-like fins. But it is now known that coelacanths are actually deep-water fish that live in the deepest areas of the ocean and almost never approach within 180 meters (590 feet) of the surface. Coelacanths, having lived for some 400 million years, bring evolutionists to an impasse. The fact that these creatures have not changed in all this time disproves the claim that living things appeared in stages and evolved from one another. Additionally, coelacanths demonstrate once again the deep gulf that divides sea and land creatures—which gap evolutionists would like to bridge by an imaginary evolution from one to the other. The anatomical characteristics of a 400-million-year-old fish show that evolution never occurred. Anatomical examination of a coelacanth that was caught alive revealed many features that disprove evolutionists' claims. Four hundred million years ago, in a period when only primitive creatures were supposed to have lived, it was discovered that coelacanths already had many complex features that even today's fish do not have. Among them is the ability to sense electromagnetic fields in their vicinity, which shows that coelacanths have highly developed sense organs. When scientists examined the organization of the nerves connecting the fish's rostral organ with its brain, they accepted that this organ's functions allow the fish to recognize electromagnetic areas. Focus magazine wrote about evolutionists' surprise when confronted by the coelacanth's complex structure and features: "According to the fossils, fish appeared about 470 million years ago. Coelacanths appeared 60 millions years later. This creature should be expected to have possessed primitive features, but its complex physical structure is amazing."

FLYING FISH Age: 95 million years Period: Middle Cretaceous, Cenomanian Location: Haqil, Lebanon For Darwinists, chance is a divinity that performs miracles. They claim that all of today's complex creatures evolved through small incremental changes that occurred over the course of millions of years. However, chance can create nothing; it could never have produced the wonderful features and complex structures in living things. Creatures are complex because God created them so; they witness to His supreme artistry. Present-day flying fish manifest God's artistry, just as they did 95 million years ago.

This catshark fossil can be observed on both negative and positive plates. CATSHARK (with its counterpart) Age: 95 million years Period: Middle Cretaceous, Cenomanian Location: Haqil, Byblos, Lebanon Some fossils are called "paired" fossils, when the layers containing a fossil are split open. As a result, the fossil has a positive, raised image on one side and a negative, concave "mold" on the other slab of stone. The 95-million-year-old catshark fossil in the picture is one such two-part specimen. Catshark belong to sharks classification. The catshark shown here belongs to the Scyliorhidinae family. Modern-day catshark are identical to those that lived 95 million years ago, which fact challenges the theory of evolution.

GUITAR FISH Age: 95 million years Period: Middle Cretaceous, Cenomanian Location: Haqil, Byblos, Lebanon Darwinists claim that all creatures have undergone evolution. For this reason, examples of fossils from millions of years ago are very important to show that living things have not changed. Even a single fossil proves this; and the world is full of such examples. One of the fossils showing the invalidity of the theory of evolution is this 95-million-year-old specimen of a guitar fish. The same complex anatomical structure and features displayed by present-day guitar fish are also seen in this one that lived 95 million years ago. One can see the details of the fossil quite clearly. Faced with evidence like this, arguments for the theory of evolution are in the dead end.

SEAHORSE Age: 5 million years Period: Cenozoic era, Miocene period Location: Marrecchio River Formation, Italy Seahorses have always existed as seahorses. The fossil in the picture, 5 million years old, confirms this reality. Seahorses have not gone through any evolutionary process, but were created just like all other life forms.

The illustrated fossils are negative and positive parts of the same fossil. STINGRAY (with its counterpart) Age: 95 million years Period: Middle Cretaceous, Cenomanian Location: Haqil, Lebanon The theory of evolution supposes that the first chordates like pikaia turned into fish over time. But no intermediate-form fossil has been found to substantiate the claims about chordate evolution, therefore, there is no fossil to support any claims of how fish evolved. On the contrary, all classes of fish appear all at once in the fossil record, with no preceding ancestors. The evolutionist paleontologist, Gerald T. Todd, in his article entitled "Evolution of the Lung and the Origin of Bony Fishes," lists the following unanswerable questions that this fact raises: All three subdivisions of bony fishes first appear in the fossil record at approximately the same time. They are already widely divergent morphologically, and are heavily armored. How did they originate? What allowed them to diverge so widely? How did they all come to have heavy armor? And why is there no trace of earlier, intermediate forms? (Gerald T. Todd, "Evolution of the Lung and the Origin of Bony Fishes: A Causal Relationship," American Zoologist, Volume 26, no. 4, 1980, p. 757.) The illustrations show the An-Namoura fossil bed in Lebanon and the diggings in this bed. While countless fossils have been discovered all around the world showing that evolution has never occurred, there's no point in denying this fact for the evolutionists. (above)

CATSHARK Age: 95 million years Period: Middle Cretaceous, Cenomanian Location: Lebanon This catshark fossil from the Cretaceous period is visible on both of the surfaces of the layer of rock in which it was found. It is 95 million years old and has the same features as today's catsharks. This proves that this creature, contrary to what evolutionists claim, did not come into being from any other species as a result of small changes over time, nor did it develop into any other species.

STINGRAY Age: 95 million years Period: Middle Cretaceous, Cenomanian Location: Haqil, Lebanon In over 150 years of digging for fossils, millions of pieces of evidence like this have been found against evolution. Meanwhile, nothing has been discovered to substantiate Darwinist claims. Fossils do not support the theory of evolution, and this fact has even been expressed in evolutionist publications. An article in Science reads as follows: A large number of well-trained scientists outside of evolutionary biology and paleontology have unfortunately gotten the idea that the fossil record is far more Darwinian than it is. This probably comes from the oversimplification inevitable in secondary sources: low-level textbooks, semipopular articles, and so on. Also, there is probably some wishful thinking involved. In the years after Darwin, his advocates hoped to find predictable progressions. In general these have not been found yet the optimism has died hard, and some pure fantasy has crept into textbooks. (Science, 17 July, 1981, p. 289.)

CRAB Age: 38-23 million years Period: Oligocene Location: Lyby, Denmark For 150 years, Darwinists have hoped that "intermediate-form" fossils will be found in the future. But as the fossil record shows, not one has yet been found. The fossils unearthed to date are rich and varied enough to allow an understanding of the origin of living creatures and present us with a definite schema: Various species appeared on Earth all at once, separately with their own distinct physical structures, and without passing through any intermediate forms. The clear significance of this is that God created living creatures. One of the many discoveries that corroborates this fact is the 38- to 23-million-year-old crab fossil shown here. Like other crab fossils found in Denmark, this one was found in one of the nodules that come to the surface of the earth only at specific times of the year. Most of these fossils are called "crab balls" most of which belong to the Oligocene period 38-23 million years ago.

CRINOID Age: 345 million years Period: Middle Mississippian, Middle Osagean Location: Burlington Formation, Pike County, Missouri, USA Pictured is a perfectly preserved 345-millionyear-old fossil crinoid. All the details of this creature show that there is no difference between it and the crinoids still alive today. These creatures have existed for hundreds of millions of years without undergoing any change; this fact alone is important enough to demolish the theory of evolution. Its invalidity becomes clearer every day from the accumulating evidence supplied by the fossil record.

RAZORFISH

Age: 5.3 million years
Period: Lower Pliocene
Location: Marecchia River Formation, Poggio Berni, Rimimini Province, Italy

If Darwinists want to claim that living creatures have evolved, they need to supply an example of an intermediate form to prove their assertions. They must exhibit a half-evolved creature, showing how all its semi-developed organs are in the process of improving themselves and provide a number of examples for each transitional species. But Darwinists cannot show even one example of an intermediate fossil.

On the other hand, there are millions of fossils that preserve the remains of species that are still alive. The approximately 5.3-million-year-old razorfish fossils shown here are yet another proof that argues for Creation, but against evolution.

FOSSIL SPECIMENS OF SEA CREATURES

FOSSIL SPECIMENS OF SEA CREATURES

SEA URCHINS Age: 150 million years Period: Upper Jurassic Location: Charente Maritime, France Evolutionists claim that fish evolved from invertebrate sea creatures; amphibians and present-day fish from one supposedly "ancestral" fish. Reptiles in turn arose from amphibians; birds and mammals developed independently from reptiles. And, finally, apes and human beings evolved from a common ancestor, now extinct. In order to prove these claims scientifically, it is necessary to find intermediate forms to show the transitional changes between one of these "former" species and their more recent counterparts. But as mentioned earlier, there is no trace of these imaginary creatures. On the contrary, all present-day species have the same characteristics that they possessed millions of years ago. This 150-million-year-old sea urchin is just one of the hundreds of thousands of fossils that prove this.

CRAB Age: 70 million years Period: Cretaceous Location: Belgium At every turn, the fossil record clearly contradicts the theory of evolution. Crabs are members of the Decapoda (10-legged) order of the phylum of Crustacean. Crabs have existed unchanged for millions of years, and therefore they are one of the living beings disproving the story of evolution. The fossilized crab pictured here is 70 million years old and displays the same physiological characteristics as crabs that are alive today. Crabs have not changed in 70 million years' time which disproves the theory of evolution's claim that living species evolved from one another over millions of years. This and similar fossils prove the fact that crabs did not evolve but were created by Almighty God.

BOWFIN Age: 54-37 million years Period: Eocene Location: Messel Shales, near Frankfurt, Germany Bowfins today live mostly in South America. They belong to the class of Actinopterygii and have not changed in millions of years. They also belong to the superorder of Holostei (bony fish), and many fossils have been discovered. These fossils show all the characteristics of present-day bowfin and evidence that they have undergone no change at all over tens of millions of years. This demonstrates that these creatures did not evolve from any previous species, but were created in their present form by the supreme power and intelligence of God. This fossil bowfin from the Eocene epoch, with its structure unchanged over tens of millions of years, challenges the theory of evolution.

SAWFISH Age: 95 million years Period: Middle Cretaceous, Cenomanian Location: Hajoula, Byblos, Lebanon The upper jaws of these fish project outward and have sharp protrusions on either side. For this reason, they are called sawfish. All fossilized sawfish in the fossil record are identical to their counterparts alive today. This sameness has persisted for about 100 million years proving that Darwinists' hypothetical claims are invalid and that evolution never occurred.

STINGRAY (with its counterpart) Age: 95 million years Period: Middle Cretaceous, Cenomanian Location: Haqil, Lebanon The stingray fossil pictured here is 95 million years old, and there is no difference between it and stingrays living today. This physiological stability throughout 95 million years demonstrates clearly that these living things did not evolve from an earlier, primitive form to a more advanced one. Any claim that they did is wrong; and concrete discoveries and scientific investigations have invalidated this claim.

LOBSTER Age: 95 million years Period: Middle Cretaceous, Cenomanian Location: Haqil, Lebanon This fossil lobster, 95 million years old, possesses the same physical structure as lobsters today. Some lobsters display migratory behaviors that are very interesting. In the course of such migrations, lobsters line up so that each one can touch the one in front of it. In this way, a convoy of between 50 and 60 lobsters is formed and moves along the ocean floor day and night for several days. Migrating in a line enhances the lobsters' ability to move. The resistance encountered by a lobster advancing through the sea water individually is halved when another lobster is moving in front of it. (The same principle is exploited by modern-day trucks and race cars.) Because of this linear movement, lobsters can cover more distance in less time, while expending less energy. Some species have been observed to travel as much as one kilometer in an hour.

Friar's Bay in East Sussex (below left) is a rich source where many fossils have been found—mostly ammonites and many other marine creatures with shells. The picture below shows fossil investigation being done in the area. LOBSTER Age: 144-65 million years Period: Cretaceous Location: Lower Greensand, Atherfield, Isle of Wight, United Kingdom The lobster fossil pictured here, between 144 and 65 million years, reveals once again that the theory of evolution is nonsense. Lobsters have existed for tens of millions of years without change, disproving the Darwinists' claim that living creatures have developed from a supposed primitive state into more advanced forms.

Seahorse and Razorfish Period: Pliocene Age: 5 million years Region: Marecchia River Formation, Italy Fossil discoveries have dealt a lethal blow to Darwinism. Darwinists have not a single scientific and rational response to these findings that prove that life forms have remained unchanged for millions of years. One of these fossils that leave Darwinists speechless is the 5-million-year-old sea horse and razorfish fossil illustrated.

SEA URCHIN Age: 150 million years Period: Late Jurassic Location: Madagascar Sea urchins have been alive for about 300 million years, but they have not changed or undergone any process of evolution in all that time. The fossil shown here is 150 million years old. A marine invertebrate, sea urchins have soft bodies encased in a thin shell covered with the spines that protect them from their enemies. They can move these spines; on some species, they are poisonous and reach a length of 30 centimeters (11.8 in). Tube feet protruding from the bodies of sea urchins adhere to rocks so that they can move comfortably along the ocean floor. Fossil discoveries show that sea urchins have possessed all these characteristics since the first moment they came into being and that they have undergone no change at all throughout that time. The explanation is clear: As with other creatures, sea urchins did not evolve, but were created complete with all their characteristics.

CRAYFISH Age: 150 million years Period: Upper Jurassic Location: Solnhofen Lithographic Formation, Zandt, Germany Crayfish, which are also known as freshwater lobsters, are another one of those creatures that have not changed in a hundred million years. Members of the superfamily of Astacoida, they generally live in fresh water that is not too cold. Some species can even live up to 3 meters (9.8 feet) under the ground. The crayfish fossil shown here is 150 million years old, yet is no different from those living today. This once again disproves the claims of evolutionists about the origin of living things and shows that Creation is the only explanation.

HORSESHOE CRAB

Age: 150 million years
Period: Upper Jurassic
Location: Eichstatt, Bavaria, Solnhofen, Germany

The 150-million-year-old horseshoe crab fossil shown here is proof that these creatures have not changed in an interval of more than a hundred million years. These crustaceans are a clear indication that evolution has never happened and that Almighty God created all living creatures.

FOSSIL SPECIMENS OF SEA CREATURES

FOSSIL SPECIMENS OF SEA CREATURES

FLYING FISH Age: 95 million years Period: Middle Cretaceous, Cenomanian Location: Hadjoula, Lebanon Flying fish leap out of the water, propelled by rapid movements of their tail fin and glide a certain distance before gently dropping back into the water. During this airborne movement, the fish can reach a speed of 50 kilometers (31 miles) an hour. There is no difference between flying fish living today and those that lived about 100 million years ago. The species has not undergone the slightest change in all that time, which destroys all the claims of the evolutionists about the origins and history of living creatures. Scientific discoveries have shown that living things have not developed in evolutionary stages but were created by Almighty God.

STURGEON Age: 144-65 million years Period: Cretaceous Location: Liaoning Province, China The sturgeons, of which only two families remain in existence, have always been sturgeons. They have neither developed from, nor turned into any other species. Fossil finds corroborate the fact that like all other creatures, sturgeons have never undergone any process of evolution.

HORSESHOE CRAB Age: 150 million years Period: Late Jurassic Location: Solnhofen Limestone, Eichsatt, Germany Horseshoe crabs belong to a subphylum of the arachnids calledChelicerata, and are more closely related to spiders and scorpions. The 150-million-year-old fossil of a horseshoe crab shown here demonstrates once again that Creation is a fact and that the process of evolution never occurred.

STINGRAY Age: 95 million years Period: Middle Cretaceous, Cenomanian Location: Byblos, Haqil, Lebanon Stingrays are cartilaginous fish and live mostly on the sea floor. Their gills are on the bottom, or ventral side of their bodies and their eyes are on top. Their tail fins and dorsal fins are very small; on some species, they are absent altogether. Stingrays that lived about 100 million years ago have the same characteristics as those still alive today. In all that time, they have not undergone any changes. This suggests that evolution is an untenable theory.

OYSTER Age: 150 million years Period: Late Jurassic Location: Chile "Oyster" is a generic name given to a group of shelled mollusks that live in the ocean, feeding on plankton which they filter through their gills.The shells containing high levels of calcium are generally fossilized easily. The oldest known oyster fossil comes from the Ordovician period (490 to 443 million years ago). Despite the approximately half a million years that have passed since then, oysters have not changed. Those oysters that lived 490 million years ago or 150 million years ago are no different from those alive today. This fact completely nullifies the claims of evolution that creatures evolved in stages, in a succession of tiny changes. The fossil record shows that creatures have not gone through any process of evolution and that Almighty God created them.

CRAB Age: 37-23 million years Period: Oligocene Location: Lyby, Denmark The fossil record is rich enough to permit a general comprehension of the origin of living things and provides us with a definite scenario: Various species of living creatures appeared on Earth all at once, individually and without "evolving" through any intermediate forms. This is one of the proofs that Almighty God created all living creatures. One of these fossils that demonstrates the clear fact of creation is shown here: the nearly 35-million-year-old remains of a crab. This crab fossil was found in Denmark on the Limfjords coast. This type of fossil is quite commonly found in this area. Preserved in nodules, they usually emerge to the surface in winter or after periods of heavy rain. The rounded stones are split open to discover whether they contain fossils. If a fossil is found, it is prepared for exhibition using files and other tools. This fossil demonstrates that there is no structural difference between crabs alive today and those alive roughly 35 million years ago, again proving the invalidity of evolutionist claims. If a creature has not undergone the slightest change in tens of millions of years, it is impossible to speak about the evolution of living things.

SHRIMP Age: 150 million years Period: Late Jurassic Location: Solnhofen Limestone, Eichstatt, Germany Another scientific discovery showing that there was no process of evolution, as the Darwinists claim, is the fossilized shrimp illustrated here. Since shrimp first came into existence, they have always displayed all the same organs and characteristics as they have today and have undergone no changes in all that time. This shrimp fossil shows plainly that evolution is an imaginary scenario.

STINGRAY AND HERRING Age: 54-37 million years Period: Eocene Location: Green River Formation, Wyoming, USA In this specimen we see a thorny stingray of the Dasyatidae family and a herring fossilized together. These fossils show that modern-day thorny stingrays and herrings are no different from the ones that swam tens of millions of years ago; they are among the countless proofs that invalidate the theory of evolution.

LOBSTER Age: 144-65 million years Period: Cretaceous Location: Lower Greensand, Atherfield, Isle of Wight, United Kingdom There is no difference between this lobster, which lived tens of millions of years ago, and those that are still alive today. This deals a devastating blow to the theory of evolution. The fossil pictured here of a lobster from the Cretaceous period (between 144 and 65 million years ago) proves that the claims of evolutionists with regard to natural history are completely untenable. Creatures did not evolve; they are created by God, Lord of the worlds.

GUITAR FISH Age: 95 million years Period: Middle Cretaceous, Cenomanian Location: Haqil, Lebanon Paleontology has provided numerous proofs that creatures did not evolve but were created by God. One of these proofs is this 95-million-year-old fossilized guitar fish. These fish live in tropical and subtropical waters and have not changed in about 100 million years. Darwinists can give no scientific explanation for a fossil like this, which shows that it did not undergo any process of evolution. Today's guitar fish are no different from those that lived approximately 100 million years ago—which once again underlines the fact of God's Creation.

LOBSTER

Age: 144-65 million years
Period: Cretaceous
Location: Lower Greensand, Atherfield, Isle of Wight, United Kingdom

The lack of any intermediate forms in the fossil record completely undermines the theory of evolution. After years of digging and explorations, not even one fossil has been found to indicate that any primitive, incomplete creature with half-developed organs ever existed. All fossils discovered to date show that all the characteristics of the species in question came to be in complete form and at the same time; that is, that they were created.
One of these many examples is a lobster that lived between 144 and 65 million years ago.

FOSSIL SPECIMENS OF LAND-ANIMALS

FOSSIL SPECIMENS OF LAND-ANIMALS

TURTLE Age: 38-23 million years Period: Oligocene Location: Brule Formation, Sioux County, Nebraska, USA Investigations have turned up fossils of turtles that are 300 million years old, on average. The one pictured here is about 30 million years old. Such fossils definitely prove that turtles did not change over all these years but maintained their original form: Living creatures did not evolve, but were created by Almighty God.

HYENA SKULL Age: 23-5 million years Period: Miocene Location: Gansu Province, China The fossil record has not produced even one single example of a creature in an intermediate stage of development between reptiles and mammals—which evolutionists claim must have lived in the past. As with other classes of living creatures, the origin of mammals cannot be explained by the theory of evolution. As George Gaylord Simpson admitted many years ago: This is true of all thirty-two orders of mammals . . . The earliest and most primitive known members of every order [of mammals] already have the basic ordinal characters, and in no case is an approximately continuous sequence from one order to another known. In most cases the break is so sharp and the gap so large that the origin of the order is speculative and much disputed . . . This regular absence of transitional forms is not confined to mammals, but is an almost universal phenomenon, as has long been noted by paleontologists. It is true of almost all classes of animals, both vertebrate and invertebrate. . . . it is true of the classes, and of the major animal phyla, and it is apparently also true of analogous categories of plants. (George Gaylord Simpson, Tempo and Mode in Evolution, New York: Columbia University Press, 1944, pp. 105, 107.) The fossil pictured here, the skull of a hyena between 23 and 5 million years old, corroborates this admission. This fossil proves that hyenas have always existed as hyenas and refutes the theory of evolution. Evey fossil that evolutionists have produced to date as proof of evolution has been either fake or irrelevant. Whenever they unearth the fossil of an extinct creature, they announce it with slogans as "a newly discovered horse" or "the missing intermediate form." But when these fossils projected as a proof are subjected to serious investigation, they are immediately found to have no relevance to evolution. So far, milllions of fossils have been discovered throughout the world, and none indicates that evolution ever occurred on Earth. But these fossils, proving that evolution is unscientific and that Creation is an undeniable fact, are mostly hidden away in musem storerooms and never displayed. The fact that hyenas living tens of millions of years ago are no different from today's members of the species is evidence for the invalidity of evolution. If the evolutionists' claims were true, hyenas should have turned into much different mammals by this time. But no such thing has happened.

RABBIT Age: 33 million years Period: Oligocene Location: White River Formation, Lusk, Wyoming, USA As spiders always breed spiders, bees breed bees, and rays are pawned from rays; rabbits have always existed as rabbits. The fossil record shows clearly that rabbits did not evolve from any other creature and have always been as they are now, from the moment they were created. In the light of the countless fossil finds showing the invalidity of evolution, its adherents must accept that Darwinism has been defeated. The 33-million-year-old rabbit fossil shown here underlines this defeat once more, illustratings the fact that God has created all living things.

SNAKE Age: 50 million years Period: Eocene Location: Messel Shales, Germany One thing that evolutionists are at a loss to explain is the origin of reptiles. Between the various classes of reptiles, such as snakes, alligators, turtles and lizards, there are strict boundaries. The fossil record shows that each of these categories has come into existence at once, with very different physical characteristics. One of these proofs to deny that reptiles underwent evolution is the 50-million-year-old snake fossil shown in the picture.

TURTLE Age: 37-23 million years Period: Oligocene Location: Brule Formation, Sioux County, Nebraska, USA Darwinists should be able to explain the development of a turtle's shell. They should be able to show how the structure developed by chance through an imaginary process of evolution, and produce proof of it. But to explain the development of living creatures, Darwinists only resort to stories. They have no proofs to substantiate these stories of evolution. Instead, what Darwinists will always discover are living fossils—for example, the fossil shown here is a 37 to 23-million-year-old fossil of a turtle.

FROG Age: 50 million years Period: Eocene Location: Messel Shales, Germany This frog belongs to the family of Pelopatidae, or mud burrowers. Some members of this family use their back legs to burrow under mud, and others live in an aquatic environment. Darwinists claim that fish are the ancestors of amphibians, but they offer no proof to support this claim. On the contrary, scientific discoveries show that there are such important anatomical differences between the two species that it is impossible for amphibians to have evolved from fish. One of these scientific discoveries is the fossil record. According to the fossil record, the three basic classes of amphibian all appeared at once. The evolutionist Robert Carroll says, "The earliest fossils of frogs, caecilians, and salamanders all appear in the Early to Middle Jurassic. All show most of the important attributes of their living descendants." (Robert L. Carroll, Patterns and Processes of Vertebrate Evolution, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997, pp. 292-293.)

CROCODILE SKULL Age: 54-37 million years Period: Eocene Location: Phosphate Mines, Khouribga, North Africa "Crocodile" is the general name given to creatures in the Crocodylidae family. Most live in tropical regions, and their earliest known examples lived about 200 million years ago. There is no difference between crocodiles living today and those that lived about 50 million years ago (like the fossil illustrated here) or even those that lived 200 million years ago. These fossils prove that crocodiles have not changed in hundreds of millions of years. This fact disproves evolution and also demonstrates that God has created all living creaures. The Djourab desert is one of the many areas of the world where fossils are found. Every one of the many discoveries in this area's 382 fossil fields shows without exception that living species have not changed for as long as they have existed. That is, they have not gone through any process of evolution. Throughout the Earth's history, crocodiles have always been crocodiles. They have neither come from, nor have changed into, any other species.

A view from below of a 37- to 23-million-year-old fossil turtle. TURTLE Age: 37-23 million years Period: Oligocene Location: Brule Formation, Sioux County, Nebraska, USA Thanks to their excellent bony protection, turtles are well preserved in fossil strata. The oldest turtle fossils are about 200 million years old, and in all that time they have undergone no changes. The 37- to 23-million-year-old turtle fossil seen here shows no difference between turtles that lived then and those alive now, in all their perfect detail. Faced with these proofs, there's one important fact that evolutionists ought to accept. David B. Kitts, an evolutionist in the department of Geology and Geophysics at Oklahoma University, says that "Evolution requires intermediate forms between species and paleontology does not provide them." (David B. Kitts, "Paleontology and Evolutionary Theory," Evolution, Vol. 28, September 1974, p. 467.)

HYENA SKULL Age: 23-5 million years Period: Miocene Location: China According to the evolutionists' unscientific claims, reptiles are the ancestors of both birds and also mammals. But there are vast differences between these two groups of living things. Mamals are warm-blooded. Tthey produce and regulate their own body temperature, they give birth to and suckle their young, and their bodies are covered with fur. But reptiles are cold-blooded. Tthey do not produce warmth, and their body temperature varies according to the temperature of the ambient air. They reproduce by laying eggs, do not suckle their offspring and their bodies are covered by scales. How could a reptile have begun to produce body heat, developed a system of sweat glands to control this heat, changed its scales into hairs and begun to produce milk? So far, evolutionists have not been able to give one single convincing scientific answer to such questions. This shows that the supposition that reptiles evolved into mammals has no scientific foundation. Besides, paleontologists have not found one fossil of any intermediate form that connects reptiles to mammals. For this reason, the evolutionist Roger Lewin had to admit that "The transition to the first mammal . . . is still an enigma." (Roger Lewin, "Bones of Mammals, Ancestors Fleshed Out," Science, Vol. 212, June 26, 1981, p. 1492.) The photograph shows the excavation in the Junggar fossil field in China. Fossils found at this dig show that living creatures have been created perfectly and complete.