FOSSIL SPECIMENS DISCOVERED IN AFRICA
AND THE MIDDLE EAST
FOSSIL SPECIMENS DISCOVERED IN MOROCCO
A large number of fossils from different periods have been
discovered
in Morocco, well known for its 400-million-year old trilobite
fossils.
Excavations in the Atlas Mountains and various other areas
have revealed
Morocco's rich fossil beds.
Most frequently encountered in Morocco are echinoid fossils.
Echinoid,
the general name for sea urchins, is actually the name given to a
broad
range of invertebrate marine organisms. There are more than 800
species
of these creatures, which generally live on the sea bed, and
specimens
dating back 450 million years can be found. Echinoids have been
in existence
for nearly half a billion years, with all their complex
structures and
flawless mechanisms, which in fact deals another severe blow to
the theory
of evolution.
These creatures, with all their structures fully developed,
lived at a time when evolutionists claim that life was
supposedly very
primitive. And many of them are still alive today, with those
exact same
structures. They have remained unchanged for hundreds of
millions of
years and never undergone evolution.
|
The Atlas Mountains, extending about 2400 kilometers
(1500 miles)
have rich fossil beds. The highest peak is Jbel Toubkal,
with
an elevation of 4167 meters (13665 feet). The Atlas
Mountains
were formed millions of years ago when the continents of
America
and Africa collided. It is assumed that the Appalachians
in North
America was the result of a similar geological movement.
|
SEA URCHIN
Age: 146 to 65 million years old
Size: 5.4 centimeters (2.2 in)
Location: Morocco
Formation: Echinoid Beds
Period: Cretaceous
There is no difference between present-day sea urchins and those that
lived hundreds
of millions of years ago. The fossil sea urchins illustrated here lived
between
146 and 65 million years ago. They show that living creatures did not
evolve,
but have had the same characteristics and systems since the moment they
were
created.
|
TRILOBITE
Age: 410 to 360 million years old
Size: 5 centimeters (2 in)
Location: Atlas Mountains, Morocco
Period: Devonian
The first examples of trilobites date from about 530
million
years ago in the Devonian fossil record. Because of
their complex
structure and developed systems, they are difficult
for Darwinists
to explain. Their sudden appearance in the fossil
record about
half a billion years ago, together with a very complex
eye
structure, makes it impossible to explain them in
terms of
evolution. It is clear that trilobites, like all other
creatures,
were created by God. |
NEEDLEFISH
Age: 100 million years old
Size: 203 millimeters (7.9 in); matrix: 113
millimeters (4.4
in) by 185 millimeters (7.2 in)
Location: Ramlia Taouz, Morocco
Period: Cretaceous
This fish, 203 millimeters (7.9 in) long, is an adult,
whose
details have been well preserved. There is no
difference between
needlefish that lived millions of years ago and their
counterparts
living today. Needlefish have survived for millions of
years
with no change in their structures, showing that the
theory
of evolution is false. |
STARFISH
Age: 420 million years old
Size: 5.7 centimeters (2.3 in)
Location: Ordovician Mecissi, Morocco
Formation: Kataoua Formation
Period: Ordovician
With their thorny exteriors, starfish (phylum: Echinodermata)
have survived for hundreds of millions of years.
Starfish alive
420 million years ago had the same characteristics as
those
alive today. This is a fact that evolutionists will
never be
able to explain, showing that living creatures did not
evolve,
but were created. |
TRILOBITE
Age: 400 million years old
Location: Morocco
Period: Devonian
The fossil record does not support the claims of the theory of
evolution. On
the contrary, when we examine the fossil record in the Earth's strata,
we see
that living things emerged suddenly. The deepest stratum at which
fossils have
been found is the Cambrian, about 530 million years old. One of the
fossils found
most frequently in this stratum are those of tribolites. In the world of
530
million years ago, trilobites had eyes composed of many lenses—an
excellent
structure that allowed them to see to hunt and swim toward their prey.
This sophisticated
structure has dealt a serious blow to the theory of evolution.
|
SEA URCHIN (left)
Age: 146 to 65 million years old
Size: 3.5 centimeters (1.4 in)
Location: Morocco
Formation: Echinoid Beds
Period: Cretaceous
The oldest examples of sea urchins date from the Ordovician Period. They
have
not changed in about half a billion years, which proves that these
creatures
did not evolve.
SEA URCHIN (right)
Age: 95 to 72 million years
old
Size: 2.5 centimeters (1 in)
Location: Midlet, Morocco
Period: Late Cretaceous
Sea urchins living millions of years ago were no different from those
alive today.
They have undergone no structural changes in at least 72 million years.
This
shows that the theory of evolution is false.
|
SEA URCHIN (left)
Age: 95 to 72 million years old
Size: 4 centimeters (1.6 in) by 4.5 centimeters (1.8 in)
Location: Taouz, Morocco
Period: Late Cretaceous
There is no difference between sea urchins that lived 95 to 72 million
years
ago and those alive today. Sea urchins, that have not changed in all
these millions
of years, are proof that living things did not evolve.
SAND DOLLAR
(right)
Age: 100 million years old
Location: Taza Province, Morocco
Formation: Continental Sandstone Deposits
Period: Cretaceous
Sand dollars, sea urchins, starfish, crinoids and sea cucumbers are all
species that belong to the phylum Echinodermata. Sand dollars have
survived for some half a billion years and have struck a severe blow to
the theory of evolution. Their structure has not changed for millions
of years, which invalidates the theory of evolution's claims that they
developed stage by stage from other living things.
|
STARFISH
Age: 500 to 440 million years old
Size: 8.6 centimeters (3.4 in)
Location: Morocco
Formation: Hefalla Sandstone Formation
Period: Ordovician
This starfish fossil is about 500 million years old—a
rare specimen whose characteristics have been very
well preserved.
The starfish's characteristic five arms have come down
to the
present time unchanged. There is no difference between
starfish
that lived half a billion years ago and the starfish
of today.
Like hundreds of thousands of other fossils, this one
also
shows that living things did not evolve and have
undergone
no change for hundreds of millions of years. |
SEA URCHIN (left)
Age: 95 to 72 million years old
Size: 2.5 centimeters (1 in)
Location: Midlet, Morocco
Period: Late Cretaceous
Sea urchins that lived 95 to 72 million years ago are among the millions
of fossils
that prove that evolution did not take place. These fossils are exactly
like
today's sea urchins, and are a proof that God created living things.
SEA URCHIN (right)
Age: 146 to 65 million years old
Size: 3.8 centimeters(1.5 in)
Location: Morocco
Formation: Echinoid Beds
Period: Cretaceous
This fossil of a sea urchin, obtained from the Echinoid stratum
in Morocco
dating from between 146 and 65 million years ago, is one of the
countless proofs
of creation. There is no difference between today's sea urchins and
those that
lived millions of years ago.
|
FOSSIL SPECIMENS DISCOVERED IN LEBANON
|
| Excavations made in Haqil, where rich fossil beds exist,
once again display that assertions of the theory of evolution are
baseless. |
Lebanon's
geological structure dates from the Cretaceous and Jurassic
periods (146
to 65 million years and 206 to 144 million years ago). Fossils
obtained
from Lebanon generally belong to these periods. In particular,
much of
the Lebanese mountains consist of sedimentary rocks that are
ideal for
the preservation of fossils. Rock strata close to the surface
contain
large numbers of coral and sponge beds, as well as the fossil
skeletons
of a range of Jurassic crustaceans. In addition to Cretaceous
marine
fossils, amber and plant fossils have also been obtained.
Lebanon's fossil beds are some of the world's most important
sources
of fossils. Hajoula, Haqil and An-Nammura are particularly rich.
Fossils
of more than 250 fish species have been discovered in these
beds, of
which more than 150 have been described. Vertebrate fossils
discovered
in Lebanon generally belong to the Cenozoic Era (65 million
years ago
to the present day).
All these fossils show that living creatures have never changed
over
the course of millions of years, in other words that they never
underwent
evolution. The fossil record reveals that living things that
existed
hundreds of millions of years ago are identical to today's
specimens
and totally invalidate the claims made by Darwinists. These
scientific
findings demonstrate that God, not evolution, created all living
things.
 |
 |
A 146- to 65-million-year-old shrimp and
fish
fossil, uncovered in Lebanon |
In order for the fossil not to be damaged, the rock
in which
the fossil is encased should be broken carefully.
Pictured above
are the excavation area in Haqil and the studies made here. |
SHARK
Age: 95 million years old
Size: 180 millimeters (7 in); matrix: 205 millimeters
(8 in)
by 135 millimeters (5.3 in)
Location: Haqil, Lebanon
Period: Middle Cretaceous, Middle Cenomanian
The general details of the fins and cartilaginous
skeleton
of this fossil of a small shark have been
preserved—another
proof that living things did not undergo evolution.
There is
no difference between today's sharks and those that
lived millions
of years ago. |
EEL
Age: 95 million years old
Size: 58 millimeters (2.2 in) (if straightened out);
matrix:
56 millimeters (2.2 in) by 65 millimeters (2.5 in )
Location: Haqil, Lebanon
Period: Middle Cretaceous, Middle Cenomanian
There are more than 400 species of eels in the order Anguilliformes.
That they have not undergone any change in millions of
years
once again reveals the invalidity of the theory of
evolution. |
FLYING FISH
Age: 95 million years old
Size: 28 millimeters (1.1 in) across pectoral fins, 47
millimeters
(1.8 in) in length; matrix: 75 millimeters (2.9 in) by
70 millimeters
(2.7 in)
Location: Haqil, Lebanon
Period: Middle Cretaceous, Middle Cenomanian
This flying fish fossil, which is identical to
present-day
specimens, prove that living things have not undergone
a process
of evolution. These vertebrates have survived
unchanged for
millions of years. This demolishes the claim of
"stage–by-stage
evolution," which is the basic foundation of Darwinism. |
VIPER FISH
Age: 95 to 72 million years old
Size: 16.5 centimeters (6.5 in)
Location: Haqil, Lebanon
Period: Upper Cretaceous
Viper fish live in mostly tropical waters and have
undergone
no change in millions of years. All the fossils of
viper fish
show that this creature has survived millions of years
without
any change in structure. Evolution cannot explain
this. Viper
fish once again prove the fact of creation. |
SHRIMP
Age: 127 to 89 million years old
Size: Matrix: 8.1 centimeters (3.2 in) by 10.9
centimeters
(4.3 in)
Location: Hajoula, Lebanon
Period: Middle Cretaceous, Cenomanian
This specimen shows a fossilized shrimp and
two fossilized fish. The fish's fins and bone structure
have been well preserved. Shrimp belong to the phylum Arthropoda.
The oldest known fossil comes from the Jurassic Period
(208
to 146 million years ago). These fossils show us that
shrimp
have not changed in hundreds of millions of years and
that
they did not pass through any intermediate stages of
development.
In other words, they did not evolve, but were created. |
FLYING FISH
Age: 100 million years old
Size: 26 millimeters (1 in) across pectoral fins, 120
millimeters
(4.7 in) in length; matrix: 180 millimeters (7 in) by
90 millimeters
(3.5 in)
Location: Haqil, Lebanon
Period: Middle Cretaceous, Cenomanian
This fossil of a flying fish was found in the Haqil
limestone
deposits. The fish has been very well preserved,
showing all
its external characteristics. The fish is 12
centimeters (4.7
in) long, and its fins extend to 26 millimeters (1 in)
in length.
There is no difference between contemporary flying
fish and
those that lived millions of years ago. This shows
that these
creatures did not evolve, but were created. |
FLYING FISH
Age: 95 to 72 million years old
Size: 2.5 centimeters (1 in) by 4.5 centimeters (1.7
in) ;
matrix: 6 centimeters (2.4 in) by 8 centimeters (3.2
in)
Location: Hajoula, Byblos, Lebanon
Period: Upper Cretaceous
Another proof that living things did not undergo
evolution
gradually is the flying fish fossil shown here. This
one lived
between 95 and 72 million years ago, and there is no
difference
between it and the flying fish of today. These fish
have wing-like
pectoral fins and a long tail which allow them to
glide above
the water's surface. |
EEL
Age: 95 to 72 million years old
Size: 10.2 centimeters (4 in)
Location: Haqil, Lebanon
Period: Upper Cretaceous
An eel fossil alongside another fossilized fish. Eels
usually
live in shallow water and belong to the order Anguilliformes.
Some eels live in deep water (4000 meters [13123
feet]).They may vary in size between 10 centimeters (4
in)
and 3 meters (9.8 feet) and may weigh up to 65
kilograms (143.3
pounds). This fossilized eel is no different from eels
living
today. They have not undergone any changes in 95 to 72
million
years, which proves that these creatures did not go
through
a process of evolution. |
EEL
Age: 146 to 65 million years old
Size: 8 centimeters (3.2 in) by 15 centimeters (6 in)
Location: Hajoula, Lebanon
Period: Middle Cretaceous, Cenomanian
This eel fossil measures 8 centimeters (3.2 in) by 15
centimeters
(6 in). The fossil's head is very well preserved, and
the details
on its body can be made out. These eels, which lived
millions
of years ago, are no different from eels living today.
The
146- to 65-million-year-old eel illustrated here is
proof of
this. |
SHARK
Age: 75 million years old
Location: Byblos, Haqil, Lebanon
Period: Cretaceous, Cenomanian
Shark fossils are often found in the mountains of
Lebanon.
Sharks belong to the cartilaginous class of
fish.
The skeletons of cartilagenous fish do not contain
calcium,
but are composed of cartilage tissue. Their only
calcium deposits
are in their teeth, and sometimes in their spines. For
this
reason, fossils of sharks' teeth are more commonly
found than
fossils of their skeletons.
The oldest shark fossil so far discovered dates back about
400 million years. As with other living things, this shows
that sharks have not changed in hundreds of millions of
years.
Contrary to what evolutionists claim, sharks did not
develop
in stages from other species, but came into being all at
once
with all their structures complete. In other words, they
were
created. |
SLIPPER LOBSTER
Age: 98 million years old
Location: Lebanon
Period: Cretaceous
The slipper lobster (family: Scyllaridae) is a
slow-moving crustacean, about 40-45 cm (15-18 in) long. Slipper lobsters
living today have the same characteristics that they had millions of
years ago. They have not undergone the slightest change in the
intervening millions of years. The 98-million-year-old slipper lobster
fossil shown here corroborates this fact. |
FOSSIL SPECIMENS DISCOVERED IN MADAGASCAR
Madagascar, the fourth largest island in the world, lies in the
Indian
Ocean off the East African coast. This area contains 5% of the
world's
plant and animal species, 80% of them unique to Madagascar. The
island's
eastern shore contains short, steep cliffs. Tsaratanana in the
North
is a mountainous region, some of these mountains being volcanic in
nature.
Geological research shows that 165 million years ago,
Madagascar was
part of Africa, but later began breaking away from the
continent. Paleontologists
carrying out excavations in the region have unearthed large
numbers of
fossil bird, mammal and marine creatures from the Mesozoic Era
(248 to
65 million years ago).
As with all other fossil discoveries, those obtained from
Madagascar
reveal major contradictions between the theory of evolution and
the actual
fossil record. Fossils prove that it is impossible to account
for the
origin of life in terms of the theory of evolution. Species that
emerge
suddenly in the geologic strata and remain unchanged over the
course
of hundreds of millions of years demonstrate that living things
never
underwent evolution, but were created.
In
Madagascar, having both rain forests and deserts, many fossils
pertaining to the various eras of geologic history are uncovered. These
fossils reveal that living beings have remained the same for hundreds of
millions of years.
|
(on the right and middle)
Sand dollar fossils dating back 172 to 168 million years.
This nautilus, 114 million years old, is no different from those living
today.
(on the left) This nautilus, 114 million years old, is no
different from those living today. |
COELACANTH
Age: 240 million years old
Location: Ambilobe, Madagascar
Period: Lower Triassic
The coelacanth, a 400-million-year-old fish, represents an
impasse for
the theory of evolution. This fish has not undergone any changes in 400
million
years. The fact that it has preserved its earliest physiological
structures over
this length of time—despite continental shifts, climate changes and
changes
in environmental conditions—baffles evolutionists.
The coelacanth once again invalidates the theory that living
things
evolved and that they undergo a constant process of evolution.
The coelacanth fossil seen here is in two sections. In this
type of
fossil, mirror-image traces of the creature appear on the two split
halves of
the stone.
The coelacanth is a large fish,
about 150
centimeters (5 feet) in length, its body
covered
with thick scales that resemble armor. It
belongs
to the boned fish classification Osteichthyes,
and the first fossil specimens were
discovered in
strata belonging to the Devonian Period.
Until 1938,
many evolutionists imagined that this fish
used its
two pairs of fins to walk on the sea bottom
and that
it was an intermediate form between marine
and terrestrial
animals. To support their claim,
evolutionists pointed
to the bony structure of the fins evident in
the coelacanth fossils
they had obtained.
However, a development in 1938 completely
disproved
the claims regarding intermediate species,
when a
living coelacanth was caught off
the coast
of South Africa. This creature had been
thought to
have become extinct at least 70 million
years ago.
Research showed that the coelacanth
had
undergone no change in 400 million years.
|
BIVALVE
Age: 208 to 146 million years old
Location: Majunga Basin, Madagascar
Period: Jurassic
There is no difference between the bivalve shown, which lived between
208 and
146 million years ago, and bivalves alive today. This is proof that they
underwent
no evolutionary process and that this is not an intermediate form.
|
NAUTILUS (left)
Age: 114 million years old
Size: 55 millimeters
Location: Madagascar
Period: Cretaceous, Albian Stage
A 300-million-year-old nautilus, a 150-million-year-old nautilus and a
nautilus
living today are the same in all respects. The specimen shown here, a
114-million-year-old
nautilus fossil, indicates that these creatures have remained the same
for hundreds
of millions of years.
NAUTILUS (right)
Age: 113 to 97 million years old
Size: 1.9 centimeters (0.7 in) at the apex of its oval, and 5.3
centimeters (2.1
in) across
Location: Mahajanga, Madagascar
Period: Cretaceous, Albian Stage
Looking at fossils, we see that there is no difference between creatures
that
lived hundreds of millions of years ago and their living counterparts.
One such
life form is the nautilus, which has undergone no changes since the
moment they
first came into existence. The 113- to 97-million-year-old fossil shown
here
illustrates this.
|
SAND DOLLAR
Age: 172 to 168 million years old
Location: Madagascar
Period: Jurassic, Bajocian
The fossil sand dollar shown here is
between 172 and 168 million years old. There is no difference between
it and today's sand dollars. This fossil shows that these creatures
did not evolve, but were created. |
NAUTILUS (left)
Age: 113 to 97 million years old
Size: 6.6 centimeters (2.6 in) at the apex of its oval, by 5 centimeters
(2 in)
across
Location: Mahajanga, Madagascar
Period: Cretaceous, Albian stage
The fact that a nautilus that lived between 113 and 97 million years ago
and
a present-day nautilus are identical once more shows that the theory of
evolution
is a huge deception.
NAUTILUS (right)
Age: 114 million years old
Size: 55 millimeters (2.1 in)
Location: Madagascar
Period: Cretaceous, Albian Stage
The nautilus has dealt a severe blow to the theory of evolution, having
undergone
no change in 300 million years. The 114-million-year-old nautilus shown
here
is completely identical to present-day specimens.
|
BIVALVE
Age: 208 to 146 million years old
Location: Majunga Basin, Madagascar
Period: Jurassic
Marine crustaceans have maintained the same
characteristics
in the fossil record for hundreds of millions of
years. One
example is the double-shelled bivalve. The one shown
here lived
between 208 and 146 million years ago; it represents a
challenge
to the theory of evolution because it is the same as
present-day
bivalves. |
NAUTILUS (left)
Age: 114 million years old
Size: 70 millimeters (6.7 in)
Location: Madagascar
Period: Cretaceous, Albian Stage
The nautilus is an invertebrate commonly found in the seas today. These
creatures
reveal the invalidity of Darwinism. There is no difference between a
present-day
Nautilus and one that lived 114 million years ago.
NAUTILUS (right)
Age: 114 million years old
Size: 17 centimeters (6.6 in)
Location: Madagascar
Period: Cretaceous, Albian
The nautilus has survived for about 300 million years and has preserved
its physiological
structure during all that time. The fossil shown here is of a
114-million-year-old
nautilus. The fact that the creature has not changed for hundreds of
millions
of years is living proof that evolution never happened.
